Makefile 使用介绍

-j [N], --jobs[=N]          Allow N jobs at once; infinite jobs with no arg.

目标: [依赖1[ 依赖2 [ 依赖3 [...]]]]
\t命令

[target] ... : [prerequisites] ...
<tab>[command]
    ...
    ...

.RECIPEPREFIX = >
all:
> echo Hello, world

xxx-%.gz: xxx-%
    gzip --force --keep xxx-$*.exe

.DEFAULT_GOAL := default

default:...

- $() 与 ``（反引号）都是用来作命令替换的
- ${}  变量替换，把变量的真实值带入

# 执行时 `make test-sh`，取不到 foo 的值，两行命令在两个不同的进程执行
test-sh:
    export foo=bar
    echo "foo=[$$foo]"

# 方法一：将两行命令写在一行，中间用分号分隔
test-sh:
	export foo=bar; echo "foo=[$$foo]"

# 方法二：在换行符前加反斜杠转义
test-sh:
	export foo=bar; \
	echo "foo=[$$foo]"

list-file:
	for file in `ls /usr/local/bin/`; do\
		echo $${file};\
	done;\

# 方法三：为目标加上 .ONESHELL:
.ONESHELL:
test-sh:
	export foo=bar;
	echo "foo=[$$foo]"

# 假设有 Makefile a.mk、b.mk、c.mk，$(bar) 包含 e.mk f.mk，则
include foo.make *.mk $(bar)
# 等价于
include foo.make a.mk b.mk c.mk e.mk f.mk

# include 当文件不存在时会报错，使用 `-` 忽略错误，也可以使用 `sinclude` 替代
-include <filename>

# ifeq
mode = debug
hello: hello.c
ifeq ($(mode),debug)
    @echo "debug mode"
    gcc -g -o hello hello.c
else
    @echo "release mode"
    gcc -o hello hello.c
endif

# ifneq
mode = debug
hello: hello.c
ifneq ($(mode),)
    @echo "debug mode"
    gcc -g -o hello hello.c
else
    @echo "release mode"
    gcc -o hello hello.c
endif

# ifdef
mode =
hello: hello.c
ifdef mode
    @echo "debug mode"
    gcc -g -o hello hello.c
else
    @echo "release mode"
    gcc -o hello hello.c
endif

# ifndef
mode =
hello: hello.c
ifndef mode
    @echo "debug mode"
    gcc -g -o hello hello.c
else
    @echo "release mode"
    gcc -o hello hello.c
endif

LIST = one two three
all:
    for i in $(LIST); do \
        echo $$i; \
    done

# 等同于
all:
    for i in one two three; do \
        echo $i; \
    done

# 执行时扩展，允许递归扩展
VARIABLE = value

# 定义时扩展
VARIABLE := value

# 只有在该变量为空时才设置值
VARIABLE ?= value

# 将值追加到变量的尾端
VARIABLE += value

.PHONY: all
web = xiexianbin.cn
all:
	@echo "web = $(web)"

$ make
web = xiexianbin.cn
$ make web=www.xiexianbin.cn
web = www.xiexianbin.cn

a.txt b.txt:
    touch $@

# 等同于
a.txt:
    touch a.txt
b.txt:
    touch b.txt

a.txt: b.txt c.txt
    cp $< $@

# 等同于
a.txt: b.txt c.txt
    cp b.txt a.txt

$(function arguments)
# 或
${function arguments}

srcfiles := $(wildcard src/*.txt)

$(subst from,to,text)

# 将字符串 feet on the street 替换成 fEEt on the strEEt
$(subst ee,EE,feet on the street)

$(patsubst pattern,replacement,text)

# 将文件名 x.c.c bar.c 替换成 x.c.o bar.o
$(patsubst %.c,%.o,x.c.c bar.c)

# 将变量OUTPUT中的后缀名 .js 全部替换成 .min.js
min: $(OUTPUT:.js=.min.js)

.PHONY:all
export WEB = xiexianbin.cn
all:
    @echo "make start"
    @echo "WEB = $(WEB)"
    make -C subdir1
    make -C subdir2
    make -C subdir3
    @echo "make done"

make -C subdir1 subdir2 subdir3 ...

# 等价于
cd subdir1 && $(MAKE)
cd subdir2 && $(MAKE)
cd subdir3 && $(MAKE)

get-ver1:
	@# 注意：赋值时不要有空格，使用 $$ 来引用 Shell 变量
	@VERSION=$$(uname -r); \
	echo "获取到的版本是: $$VERSION"; \
	if [ "$$VERSION" = "5.15.0-generic" ]; then \
		echo "这是一个特定的内核版本"; \
	fi

get-ver2:
	$(eval SYS_VER := $(shell uname -r))
	@echo "Makefile 变量 SYS_VER 现在是: $(SYS_VER)"
	@echo "可以在后续逻辑中直接引用: $(SYS_VER)"

# https://www.xiexianbin.cn/program/tools/2016-01-09-makefile/index.html
.PHONY: all test clean build build-linux build-mac build-windows

GOCMD=go
GOBUILD=$(GOCMD) build
GOCLEAN=$(GOCMD) clean
GOTEST=$(GOCMD) test
BINARY_NAME=main
BINARY_LINUX=$(BINARY_NAME)-linux
BINARY_MAC=$(BINARY_NAME)-darwin
BINARY_WIN=$(BINARY_NAME)-windows

help:  ## Show this help.
	@awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.*?## "} /^[a-zA-Z_-]+:.*?## / {sub("\\\\n",sprintf("\n%22c"," "), $$2);printf "\033[36m%-20s\033[0m %s\n", $$1, $$2}' $(MAKEFILE_LIST)

all: clean test build build-linux build-mac build-windows  ## Build all
test:  ## run test
	$(GOTEST) -v ./...
clean: ## run clean bin files
	$(GOCLEAN)
	rm -f bin/$(BINARY_NAME)
build:  ## build for current os
	$(GOBUILD) -o bin/$(BINARY_NAME) -v

build-linux:  ## build linux amd64
	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 $(GOBUILD) -o bin/$(BINARY_LINUX) -v
build-mac:  ## build mac amd64
	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 $(GOBUILD) -o bin/$(BINARY_MAC) -v
build-windows:  ## build windows amd64
	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 $(GOBUILD) -o bin/$(BINARY_WIN) -v